Where Will US Job Growth Come From?by James QuinnJanuary 27, 2010
Despite the Federal Reserve's extraordinary printing and the U.S. Government's extraordinary spending measures during the last twelve months, it looks like the only job categories with growth potential are printing press operator, ditch diggers, ditch fillers, whatever they call the guys handing out trillions in government largesse, Treasury Department comedians tickling Chinese funny bones by saying they favor a strong U.S. dollar and people installing Stimulus signs at highway projects.
The signs are about taking credit. An acquaintance fairly high up in the Electrician's Union told me about a big infrastructure construction project in Philadelphia's Germantown section that has been underway for two years and is already nearly completed. A representative of the Federal Government recently entered the construction trailer and announced that the work was now a Federal stimulus project. A big sign then was put up at the site to prove it. Two years from now, expect Obama's re-election campaign to claim this project as one of his stimulus accomplishments.
Unemployment on the Rise Employment in the U.S. peaked in November, 2007 at 146.6 million people. As of December 2009, only 137.8 million Americans were employed -- a loss of 8.8 million jobs in 25 months. Using the official (U3) measurement, the unemployment rate is 10%. Using the broader, more realistic (U6) measurement, the rate is 16.3%. If you add in discouraged workers who were defined out of the calculation during the Clinton Administration, the rate has reached 22%.That's on a par with the 25% unemployment rate during the Great Depression. The current employment-to-population ratio of 58.2% is down to levels last seen before women entered the workforce en masse during the 1970s. And the economy continues to lose more than 200,000 jobs per month. That can't go on forever. Recessions always end. Butwhat are the industries that will lead us out of this horrific downturn and provide the jobs of the future?
Where the Jobs Are During the last two years of economic turmoil, while the real economy was shedding 7 million jobs, government (federal, state, and local) was adding 300,000 jobs. There are now 22.5 million government employees in the U.S. Think about that for just a moment. One in every six jobs in the U.S. is a government job. But what the government workers produce, build or sell is nothing at all. Nada by the carload. They shuffle paper and spend our tax dollars. They are a sinker tied around the neck of the American economy.
And government spending, which is only part of the problem, is poised to surge to levels not seen since the Vietnam War. The distribution of GDP by activity shows a disturbing trend over the last five decades. You can see this trend in the chart below. It paints a picture of a country that has transformed from a young, healthy society that produced capital goods and built things with support from financial services, into a sickly nation that has outsourced production and filled the gap with high finance.

Industry
1970
1980
1990
2000
2008

Manufacturing
22.7%
20.0%
16.3%
14.5%
11.5%

Construction
4.8%
4.7%
4.3%
4.4%
4.1%

Retail & Wholesale Trade
14.5%
14.0%
12.9%
12.7%
11.9%

Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
14.6%
15.9%
18.0%
19.7%
20.0%

Professional Services
5.4%
6.7%
9.8%
11.6%
12.7%

Educational Services
0.7%
0.6%
0.7%
0.8%
1.0%

Health Services
3.2%
4.4%
6.0%
6.1%
7.1%

Government
15.2%
13.8%
13.9%
12.3%
12.9%

Other
18.9%
19.9%
18.1%
17.9%
18.8%

TOTAL
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%
100.0%

Source: BEA

Where the Jobs Will Be Knowing how this chart will look in 2020 would help us position our investments to ride the trends. Based on clear demographic patterns and expected government programs, it is virtually certainty that health services will reach 10% of GDP and government spending will exceed 15% of GDP.
American consumers are still burdened with $13.8 trillion of household debt and will be deleveraging for the next decade as they try to save enough for a semi-comfortable retirement. This will cut retailing's share of GDP. Given that the country is over-housed, over-malled and over-officed, construction will not be leading the charge. Given the competitive disadvantage of union labor, onerous government regulation and the coming green regulations, it is unlikely that U.S. manufacturing will be making a dramatic comeback.
With their recent track record, financial and professional services are heading for a decline as a percentage of GDP, even though massive government and Federal Reserve support will allow them to hold on to their current share for a while longer. But when Phase Two of the Depression/Crisis gets underway in 2010-2011, these industries will be further discredited and will shrink.
Two years ago, the Bureau of Labor statistics published its projections for job growth by industry and job title through 2016. This is the same government organization that has systematically under reported CPI inflation by 4% to 5% per year for decades through its adjustments and reinterpretation of the data. So I wouldn't put much faith in their projections. Still, it's interesting to see what they think.

(in millions)

Industry
2006
Aug. 2009
2016 Projection

Manufacturing
14.2
11.8
12.7

Construction
7.7
6.1
8.5

Retail & Wholesale Trade
21.2
20.1
22.3

Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
8.4
7.7
9.6

Professional Services
17.6
16.6
21.6

Educational Services
2.9
3.1
3.5

Health Services
14.9
16.2
19.0

Government
22.0
22.5
23.3

Other
28.0
27.1
31.5

TOTAL
136.9
131.2
152.0

Source: BLS

It's obvious from the projections made in 2007 that the data guys at the BLS used the always-ready method of extrapolation based on recent trends. They evidently didn't anticipate a recession between 2007 and 2016. It is highly unlikely that we will add 3 million jobs per year for the next seven years. It is a practical impossibility for construction jobs to grow by 40%, professional services jobs by 30% or finance jobs by 25%. While the BLS data shows an increase in total government jobs, within the data was a laughable projection that those gains would come at the state and local levels, but that Federal Government jobs would actually fall by 149,000 between 2006 and 2016. Not if the Obama administration has anything to say about it.
The BLS list of fastest-growing occupations between 2006 and 2016 paints a disturbing picture. Among the 30 fastest-growing occupations, I could only find two that produce something of long-lasting value (network systems and data communications analysts and computer software engineers). The list is littered with the likes of:

• Personal and home care aides
• Home health aides
• Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors
• Skin care specialists
• Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators
• Mental health counselors
• Mental health and substance abuse social workers
• Gaming and sports book writers and runners
• Manicurists and pedicurists
• Environmental science and protection technicians, including health

By the above list, it would appear that we are destined to become a nation of sickly obese people confined to our homes, with good skin and nails, playing the lottery but mentally impaired from worrying about global warming.
The truth is that the BLS has no clue where growth will come from. Many of the industries and jobs of the future haven't yet been imagined.
One likely candidate is nanotechnology. Something as game-changing as the internet has been is likely to come from this area in the next decade.
And if Peak Oil pushes crude up to $200 a barrel, alternative energy will become a growth industry even without force-feeding from the government. (Bet against anything that relies entirely on government subsidies to be economic, e.g., ethanol.) Research into algae as an energy source could be a winner. Geothermal power and ocean wave power are other areas that hold promise. The widespread use of mini-nuclear plants has excellent prospects.
The aging of the baby boomers is a given, which means that medical technology is a growth area, provided the government healthcare "reform" doesn't turn it into a dead industry.
An aging country dependent upon oil and debt for sustenance is not the ideal place to invest, and that may be the conclusion that many come to, giving a boost to emerging economies. Domestically, technology – including medical technology - and alternative energy look to provide the best chance for the United States to regain some of its lost prosperity, and therefore are potential areas of focus for investors.
This article was originally published in the October, 2009 edition of the Casey Report. To see my latest article on the coming crash in China in the February edition of the Casey Report, sign up for 3 free months here: http://www.caseyresearch.com.
Bio: James Quinn is a senior director of strategic planning for a major university. These articles reflect the personal views of James Quinn. They do not necessarily represent the views of his employer and are not sponsored or endorsed by his employer. He can be reached at [email protected].